![]() ![]() For these scenarios, and particularly in autonomous use, a reliable obstacle avoidance technique becomes crucial to ensure the MAV's survivability. In indoor environment where facilities like Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) are not available, unforeseen obstacles can come across the Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) and become difficult to avoid the collision. On the other hand, interests and applications are growing in smaller and micro aerial vehicles those are capable to fly near-earth or even indoor environments. For outdoor areas either urban or rural terrain, UAVs equipped with GPS facility can bypass geographical obstacles like trees, towers and pols, hills even mountains. They are becoming crucial with their nature to perform in extremely hostile and hazardous locations where the presence of human either impossible or considered unsafe. They are capable to operate for both indoor and outdoor applications including search and rescue, manufacturing, smart agriculture, remote oil and gas platform inspection and repair and many more. ![]() Introduction Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are attracting the society to use them for daily life applications due to the capability to perform in economic, scientific and emergency scenarios. Further, a summary of current research status with unresolved issues and opportunities is provided that would provide research directions to the researchers of the similar interests. This paper provides a comparison of such existing solutions and technologies available for this purpose with their strengths and limitations. A large number of techniques by using various technologies are proposed to get rid of these limits. However, for indoor areas with degraded or denied Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) situation, it becomes challenging to control UAV autonomously especially where obstacles are unidentified. ![]() For both environments, precise localization plays a critical role in order to achieve high performance flight and interacting with the surrounding objects. They can operate autonomously for both indoor and outdoor applications mainly including search and rescue, manufacturing, forest fire tracking, remote sensing etc. Recently, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have attracted the society and researchers due to the capability to perform in economic, scientific and emergency scenarios, and are being employed in large number of applications especially during the hostile environments. ![]()
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